Old Testament · Genesis

Genesis 18

King James Version · Study Bible

Author

Moses

Written

~1445-1400 BC

Key Theme

Divine covenant and intercession

Setting

Mamre plain, Abraham's tent

Key Verse

Genesis 18:14

Total Verses

33

Chapter Introduction

*...*

Chapter

18 of 50

Testament

Old Testament

Verses

33

✦ Chapter Background

Genesis 18 — God's faithful fulfillment of His covenant promises is revealed through the visitation of three messengers and Abraham’s gracious hospitality, which precedes his intercessory prayer for the salvation of Sodom.

Genesis 18 records a divine visitation to Abraham at Mamre shortly after the covenant of circumcision (Genesis 17) and the birth promise of Isaac; Abraham’s hospitality to three messengers serves as a narrative bridge to the subsequent judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah, highlighting God’s covenant faithfulness and Abraham’s emerging role as an intercessor.

H5045 ḥēd — “favor, grace; kindness” — this word appears in Abraham’s plea to the LORD (v. 3) and encapsulates the divine graciousness that undergirds the covenant promise of a son, Abraham’s hospitality, and his intercessory role throughout the chapter.

Author

Moses

Written

c. 1450 BC (traditional Mosaic authorship; composition likely during the wilderness wanderings)

Genesis — Chapter 18 — KJV
1

And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day;

Simply PutAbraham was sitting outside his tent in the hot midday, when he saw God appear to him on the open plains (Hebrew midbar, H6565), a place of wide openness that invites humility and undistracted communion with the Almighty.
2

And he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground,

Simply PutWhen Abraham lifted his eyes, three men stood there; he rose quickly and bowed low to the ground—a posture of reverence that shows how we naturally honor God when He comes face-to-face.
3

And said, My LORD, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant:

Simply PutAbraham begged, “If I have found favor in your eyes, please don’t go away,” using the Hebrew word chen (H2413) for favor—a reminder that God cares deeply about our earnest petitions in the midst of life's trials.
4

Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:

Simply PutHe offered water for washing feet and a place to rest under the tree, expressing genuine hospitality that reminds us of the comfort we can give and receive from one another in times of weariness.
5

And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said.

Simply PutAbraham promised bread to comfort (Hebrew nacham, H5274) the travelers’ hearts, showing that feeding both body and spirit is a simple but profound way to honor God's presence among us.
6

And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.

Simply PutHe hurried (Hebrew raah, H7246) into the tent to tell Sarah to quickly prepare three measures of fine flour—an illustration that we should act swiftly when God asks us to serve.
7

And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.

Simply PutAbraham ran to the herd, selected a tender calf, and gave it to a servant to prepare; his swift action reminds us that we must do whatever is needed, even if it feels overwhelming.
8

And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.

Simply PutHe set the butter, milk, and prepared calf before the guests and stood beside them under the tree; sharing a simple meal with strangers is an ancient sign of fellowship and generosity.
9

And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.

Simply PutThe visitors asked, “Where is Sarah?” and Abraham replied that she was inside the tent—an invitation for us to bring our loved ones into the presence of God.
10

And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.

Simply PutOne guest promised that within a set time, Sarah would bear a son; his words echo through the ages as a reminder that God’s promises often unfold beyond our immediate sight.
11

Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.

Simply PutAbraham and Sarah were old, with a life that seemed closed to new beginnings—yet the narrative tells us that God’s timing can bring fresh hope even in old age.
12

Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?

Simply PutSarah laughed within herself, questioning how she could have a child at her advanced age—she was wrestling with doubt that many of us still experience.
13

And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?

Simply PutGod asked why Sarah laughed, confronting her fear and disbelief head-on; He reminds us that our doubts are not hidden from Him.
14

Is any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.

Simply Put“Is anything too hard for the Lord?” He declares that at the appointed time, Sarah will have a son—assuring us that God’s power transcends our natural limits.
15

Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.

Simply PutSarah denied laughing, saying she was afraid; God gently corrected her, showing that He knows the root of our anxieties.
16

And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.

Simply PutThe men rose and looked toward Sodom, and Abraham walked with them—a call to accompany God wherever He leads, even towards difficult places.
17

And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;

Simply PutThe Lord asked if He should hide His plans from Abraham—a reminder that God values transparency with those who love Him.
18

Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?

Simply PutHe said He will not hide from Abraham because he will become a great nation and bless all peoples—an early promise that points to the global reach of God’s covenant.
19

For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

Simply PutHe knows Abraham will command his household to keep the Lord’s way—showing that God cherishes families who walk in justice and judgment.
20

And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous;

Simply PutBecause the cries of Sodom’s people are great and their sins grievous, God decides to investigate—an invitation for us to bring our cries before Him.
21

I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know.

Simply PutHe will go down and see if they have acted according to the cry that reached Him; if not, He will know—highlighting God’s personal involvement in human affairs.
22

And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the LORD.

Simply PutThe men turned toward Sodom, but Abraham lingered before the Lord—teaching us that persistence in prayer is worthwhile.
23

And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?

Simply PutAbraham asked, “Will You also destroy the righteous with the wicked?”—a heartfelt appeal for mercy when we see unfairness.
24

Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?

Simply PutHe pleaded, “If there are fifty righteous in the city, will You spare it?”—showing that even a small number of faithful souls can move God’s heart.
25

That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?

Simply PutHe argued, “It is far from You to slay the righteous with the wicked; let the Judge of all do right”—reminding us that God’s justice is perfect.
26

And the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.

Simply PutThe Lord replied, “If I find fifty righteous, I will spare the city”—affirming that God’s mercy extends beyond the guilty.
27

And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD, which am but dust and ashes:

Simply PutAbraham humbly said, “I am dust and ashes,” yet he dared to speak to the Lord—showing that even small, humble voices matter.
28

Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it.

Simply PutHe asked if five of the fifty were lacking, would God destroy all? The Lord said no; forty-five would be spared—illustrating that God’s compassion grows with each righteous soul.
29

And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty’s sake.

Simply PutHe continued, asking about forty; the Lord said He would not destroy—each plea reflects a deeper yearning for mercy.
30

And he said unto him, Oh let not the LORD be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there.

Simply PutHe pleaded for thirty, and the Lord said He would not do it—God’s generosity expands as we intercede.
31

And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty’s sake.

Simply PutHe asked about twenty; the Lord said He would spare them—your petitions, no matter how modest, can influence divine decisions.
32

And he said, Oh let not the LORD be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten’s sake.

Simply PutHe begged for ten; the Lord promised not to destroy—God’s willingness to show grace often meets us at our smallest numbers.
33

And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.

Simply PutAfter their communion, the Lord went His way and Abraham returned home—an ending that reminds us of the peace after earnest prayer.
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✦ Cross-References

Genesis 12:7This verse records the LORD's first appearance to Abram, establishing a pattern of divine visitation that continues in Genesis 18.
Genesis 15:5The promise of innumerable descendants here foreshadows the specific promise of a son (Isaac) given in Genesis 18:10.

Reflect

When you made a big decision recently—like choosing a new job or moving to a new city—did you ever wonder if there might be a hidden purpose guiding that choice?